Ancient Greek Ktesibios Hydraulic Reciprocating Pump
A challenging, hands-on discovery and STEM project designed for curious young minds aged 10 to 14.
Materials Needed
- • 20 mL needleless plastic syringe (1 unit)
- • Aquarium one-way check valves (plastic) (2 units)
- • Plastic T-connector for tubing (1 unit)
- • Flexible clear vinyl aquarium tubing (1 meter)
- • Water basin and food coloring (1 set)
Pro Tips
- → Ktesibios invented the double-action force pump in ancient Alexandria, which became the foundation for modern fire hoses and municipal pumps.
- → Position one-way check valves so the intake valve opens on the pull stroke, while the exhaust valve opens on the push stroke.
- → Operating the piston back and forth creates a steady, pressurized stream of water from the nozzle.
Safety First
Ensure all tubing connections are clamped or tightly fitted to prevent pressurized water leaks.
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Step-by-Step Instructions
Step 1
Connect two one-way aquarium check valves to a plastic T-connector, noting the directional arrow markers on each valve.
Step 2
Attach a 20 mL plastic syringe to the middle port of the T-connector using a short length of flexible vinyl tubing.
Step 3
Submerge the intake valve tube into a bowl of colored water, aiming the exhaust valve tube into an elevated collection basin.
Step 4
Pump the syringe plunger back and forth: pull to draw water past the intake valve, and push to pump it out the exhaust nozzle.