Cartesian Diver Density & Buoyancy Submarine

30 mins Ages 7-9 Indoor

An engaging, screen-free learning activity that builds real-world creativity and critical thinking for kids aged 7 to 9.

Materials Needed

  • • 1-liter or 2-liter clear plastic bottle with cap (1 unit)
  • • Flexible plastic drinking straw (1 unit)
  • • Small metal paperclips (3–4 units)
  • • Water (1 bottle full)

Pro Tips

  • → Tune the diver in a cup of water before placing it in the bottle: it should just barely float with only the tip breaking the surface.
  • → Explain that squeezing the bottle increases pressure throughout the liquid, compressing the air bubble inside the straw and making the diver sink.
  • → Releasing grip pressure allows the air bubble to expand, restoring positive buoyancy.

Safety First

Ensure the plastic bottle has no cracks; screw the cap on tightly to prevent leaks when squeezed.

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Step-by-Step Instructions

1

Step 1

Cut the flexible bendy section of a plastic straw with 2 cm of tail on each side and fold it into a hairpin shape.

2

Step 2

Slide two metal paperclips onto the ends of the straw legs to serve as a ballast weight and keep the straw folded.

3

Step 3

Test the diver in a glass of water, adding or removing paperclips until it floats upright with its tip barely breaking the surface.

4

Step 4

Drop the diver into a bottle filled to the brim with water, seal the cap tightly, and squeeze the sides to dive and ascend at will.

What they are learning

Boyle’s Law (pressure/volume relationship) Archimedes’ principle of buoyancy Compressible gas vs. incompressible liquid mechanics